Descripción
Codeine – Mild Opioid Analgesic & Antitussive (Rx / Controlled in Many Regions)
Codeine is a mild opioid analgesic and antitussive (cough suppressant) used for the treatment of mild to moderate pain and dry cough when other non-opioid options are not sufficient.
After administration, codeine is partially converted in the liver into morphine (via CYP2D6 enzyme), which provides its pain-relieving effect. Because of this conversion, response to codeine can vary significantly between individuals.
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Detalles clave
- Active Ingredient: Codeine phosphate (commonly)
- Drug Class: Weak opioid analgesic
- Indicaciones:
- Mild to moderate pain
- Dry, non-productive cough
- Mechanism of Action: Prodrug → partial conversion to morphine → μ-opioid receptor activation
- Estado de la prescripción: Medicamento de prescripción controlada en muchos países
Especificaciones
- Dosage Forms: Tablets, capsules, oral syrup
- Common Strengths: 15 mg, 30 mg, 60 mg (varies by country/formulation)
- Onset of Action: ~30–60 minutes
- Duration of Action: ~4–6 hours
- Half-Life: ~3–4 hours
- Metabolism: Hepatic (CYP2D6 → morphine, CYP3A4 pathways)
- Excreción: Renal
- Almacenamiento: temperatura ambiente
Dosis y administración
- Usually taken every 4–6 hours as needed
- Often combined with paracetamol (acetaminophen) for stronger analgesic effect
- Dose must be individualized by a healthcare provider
- Use is generally recommended for short-term treatment only
Compatibilidad / Uso Adecuado
- Patients with mild to moderate pain not controlled by non-opioids
- Treatment of dry cough (in some formulations)
- Short-term pain management under medical supervision
- Not typically used for long-term chronic pain due to dependence risk
Advertencias y precauciones
- Riesgo de dependencia, tolerancia y uso indebido
- Can cause respiratory depression at high doses or in sensitive individuals
- Effectiveness varies due to genetic differences in metabolism (CYP2D6 variability)
- Evite el alcohol y los sedantes debido a una mayor depresión del SNC
- Use caution in children, elderly, and respiratory disease
Contraindicaciones
- Depresión respiratoria severa
- Asma aguda sin monitorización
- Known hypersensitivity to opioids
- Children in certain age groups (restricted in many countries)
- Use with MAO inhibitors (in some cases)
Why Codeine Is Used
Codeine is used as a step-up mild opioid option when standard pain relievers are insufficient, and also as a cough suppressant in selected cases. It is generally reserved for short-term use under medical supervision due to its opioid properties.





